Eye-tracking study reveals cultural differences in viewing Sudanese medieval art
A team of researchers from European and Sudanese institutions conducted an eye-tracking study at a medieval monastery in Old Dongola, northern Sudan, to compare how Westerners and locals view ancient paintings.
Participants wore special glasses
Researchers invited both Sudanese and Western participants to the site of a medieval monastery at Kom H. The team gave them eye-tracking devices in the form of special glasses to wear. As they observed the medieval paintings, the group mapped where their eyes fell for how long. They recorded the order in which attention moved across specific elements within the artwork.
Attention patterns differed by culture
Prior to examining items or attire, Westerners concentrated their attention on people, especially facial features and physical forms. Sudanese participants initially focused on attributes like symbols later looking at faces and surrounding context. This suggests a broader way of viewing the paintings for the local group. The findings indicate that individualistic cultures emphasize individuals while collectivistic cultures emphasize the wider group.
Study aims to improve heritage
The team believes such research may help develop more culturally adapted approaches to promoting heritage sites. Previous studies used laboratory settings but this project explored engagement in original historical contexts. The researchers included psychologists, cognitive scientists, archaeologists and heritage managers from various institutions. Their work examines how cultural background influences visual exploration of scenes.
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