Researchers find molecular link between plant heat response and growth

New study reveals protein connection

The research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences identifies a specific molecular pathway. Most plants change shape when they get too warm but before reaching dangerous heat levels. This process called thermomorphogenesis helps them endure stress but often lowers crop yields significantly. Hongqing Guo is an assistant professor of genetics at Iowa State University who led this work.

Phytochrome B and Feronia interact

The study builds on decades of research into phytochrome B which acts as a thermometer and light sensor. When activated by light in favorable temperatures this protein prevents plants from elongating their stems. Guo's lab focused on another protein called Feronia that spans cell membranes to detect environmental signals. Researchers used Arabidopsis thaliana specimens mutated to lack Feronia to test how they reacted to warmth.

Gene editing tests plant reactions

Researchers employed gene editing techniques to produce two experimental Arabidopsis varieties by replacing particular phyB amino acids. In the null version researchers replaced amino acids with ones that cannot accept a phosphate group. At just over 80 degrees Fahrenheit or 27 degrees Celsius the mimic plants grew taller than natural ones. These results suggest scientists can find a sweet spot preserving both resilience and yield for crops.