Planimal cells keep algal DNA after fusion

Hybrid cells formed via fusion

A research team led by Sachihiro Matsunaga fused photosynthetic algal cells with hamster-derived mammalian cells to test stability. Testing revealed that cell fusion generated stable hybrid cells far more effectively than permitting mammalian cells to consume the algae. Using live-cell imaging and genome sequencing, researchers characterized how the host altered algal DNA across multiple generations. The techniques verified that animal cells can sustain and transmit this external genetic matter to offspring cells without issue.

Ancient evolutionary context explained

Over 1.5 billion years ago, a primitive eukaryotic cell consumed a cyanobacterium that later developed into the chloroplasts seen today in algae and plants. As this ancient mechanism unfolded, numerous genes originating within the swallowed cyanobacterium moved into the host cell's nuclear genome to enable integration. The occurrence led to forebears of current red algae, green algae and terrestrial flora exhibiting cross-species gene exchange. The study addresses a knowledge gap regarding chromosome-scale foreign DNA entering a eukaryotic host cell.

Study published in journal

The results are published in the journal Nature Communications providing direct evidence of horizontal gene transfer in mammalian cells. Professor Matsunaga declared that his group sought to determine if whole chromosomes might traverse the massive evolutionary gap separating algae from animals. They also aimed to learn how animal cells handle DNA from such a distinct organism while maintaining their capacity for survival.